On April 21, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued its final determinations on anti-dumping and countervailing duty investigations concerning crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam—whether or not assembled into modules. Some Cambodian companies were assessed a maximum countervailing duty rate as high as 3403.96%, while Vietnamese entities faced an average dumping margin of up to 271.28%.